History of InternetFrom Indonesian Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
There is a suggestion that this article or section be combined with the Internet. (Discuss)Internet is a computer network established by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1969, through a project called ARPANET ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency Network), where they demonstrate how the hardware and UNIX-based computer software, we can make communication within the infinity through the phone line. ARPANET project to design the form of networks, reliability, how much information can be moved, and finally all the standards that they set a forerunner to the construction of a new protocol that is now known as TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol).The initial purpose of the project was built for military purposes.At that time the United States Department of Defense (U.S. Department of Defense) create a system of computer networks to connect computers scattered in areas vital to address the problem in case of nuclear attack and to avoid centralized information, which in the event of war can easily be destroyed.At first ARPANET link is only four sites are the Stanford Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Utah, where they form an integrated network in 1969, and in general the ARPANET was introduced in October 1972. Not long after the project is growing rapidly throughout the region, and all universities in the country wants to join, thus making it difficult to set the ARPANET.Therefore, ARPANET split widened two, namely "MILNET" for military purposes and the "ARPANET" new smaller for non-military purposes, such as universities. Combined both networks eventually known as DARPA Internet, which then reduces to the Internet.[Edit] List of important eventsYear Genesis1957 Soviet Union (now Russia) launched the space probe, Sputnik.1958 In the aftermath of the "defeat" in the United States launched the space probe, formed an agency within the U.S. Department of Defense, Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), which aims to be the United States to increase science and technology of the country. One aim is to computer technology.1962 J.C.R. Licklider wrote an article about a vision in which computers can be interconnected with each other globally so that each computer is able to offer access to programs and data. In this year also the RAND Corporation began research on this idea (a distributed computer network), which is intended for military purposes.Early 1960s the theory of packet-switching can be implemented in the real world.Mid-1960s, ARPA developed the ARPANET to promote the "Cooperative Networking of Time-sharing Computers", with only four host computers can be connected up to the year 1969, the Stanford Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, University of California, Santa Barbara , and the University of Utah.1965 The term "hypertext" was issued by Ted Nelson.1968 Tymnet network was made.1971 Member of the ARPANET grew to 23 pieces of computer nodes, which consists of computers for the United States government-owned research and universities.1972 A working group called the International Network Working Group (INWG) designed to improve computer and network technology also makes the standards for computer networks, including the Internet. The first speaker of this organization is Vint Cerf, who then called the "Father of the Internet"1972-1974 Several commercial database services such as Dialog, SDC Orbit, Lexis, The New York Times DataBank, and others, register themselves to the ARPANET via dial-up networking.1973 ARPANET to the outside of the United States: this year, members of the ARPANET grew again with the inclusion of several universities in the United States outside of the University College of London from the UK and the Royal Radar Establishment in Norway.1974 Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish detailed specifications of the protocol Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in the article "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection".1974 Bolt, Beranet & Newman (BBN), pontraktor for the ARPANET, opened a commercial version of ARPANET which they called Telenet, which is the first public packet data service.1977 Already there are 111 pieces of computer that is connected to the ARPANET.1978 Protocol TCP split into two parts, namely the Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP / IP).1979 The first Usenet discussion group created by Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis and Steve Bellovin, a graduate of Duke University and the University of North Carolina United States. After that, the use of Usenet has increased drastically.In this year also, emoticons proposed by Kevin McKenzie.Early 1980s, personal computers (PC) epidemic, and become part of many human lives.This year recorded the ARPANET has a membership of up to 213 hosts are connected.Services BITNET (Because It's Time Network) started, by providing e-mail services, mailing list, and also File Transfer Protocol (FTP).CSNET (Computer Science Network) was established this year by scientists and experts in the field of computer science from Purdue University, University of Washington, RAND Corporation and BBN, with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF). The network provides e-mail service and some other services to scientists without having to access the ARPANET.1982 The term "Internet" was first used, and TCP / IP was adopted as a universal protocol for the network.Name server developed, thus allowing users to connect to a host without having to know the definite path to that host.This year there were over 1000 pieces belonging to the Internet host.1986 Introduced the domain name system, which is now known as DNS (Domain Name System) which serves to uniform naming system on a computer network address.[Edit] Other important eventsIn 1971, Ray Tomlinson managed to complete e-mail program that he created a year ago for the ARPANET. E-mail program is so easy that immediately became popular. In the same year, the icon "@" is also introduced as an important symbol that indicates "at" or "on". In 1973, ARPANET computer network was developed outside the United States.Computer University College in London was the first computer that is outside the U.S. who are members of Arpanet network. In the same year, two computer experts that Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn presented a larger idea, which became the forerunner of the Internet thinking. This idea was presented for the first time at the University of Sussex.The next is a historic day on March 26, 1976, when the Queen of England had sent e-mails from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment at Malvern. A year later, already more than 100 computers on the ARPANET joined to form a network or network.In 1979, Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis and Steve Bellovin, created the first-named newsgroups USENET. France Telecom in 1981 created a buzz with the launch of the first television phone, where people can call each other while associated with the video link.Because of computer networks that make up the day more, it takes a formal protocol that is recognized by all networks. In 1982 established the Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol or TCP or IP that we know all. Meanwhile in Europe appear counter computer network known as Eunet, which provides computer network services in the countries of the Netherlands, Britain, Denmark and Sweden. Eunet network providing e-mail and USENET newsgroups.To homogenize the address on an existing computer network, then in 1984 introduced the domain name system, now we are familiar with DNS or Domain Name System. Computer connected to the existing network has more than 1,000 computers. In 1987 the number of computers connected to the network soared 10-fold manjadi 10,000 more.In 1988, Jarko Oikarinen of Finland found which also introduces IRC or Internet Relay Chat. A year later, the number of interconnected computers soared 10-fold return in a year. No fewer than 100,000 computers are now forming a network. 1990 is the most historic year, when Tim Berners Lee found the program editor and browser that can roam from one computer to another computer, which form a network. The program is called www or World Wide Web.In 1992, computers that are connected to form a network of computers has surpassed one million, and in the same year the term surfing the internet. In 1994, the website has grown into a 3000 page address, and the first virtual-shopping or e-retail surfaced on the internet. The world changed. In the same year founded Yahoo!, which is also well-born Netscape Navigator.